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By 2008, roughly fifty million Africans have
become infected with HIV and AIDS, with more than twenty-two
million having already died. HIV and AIDS continues to be a
major developmental challenge, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa,
which is the epicentre of the epidemic. As of December 2005,
it was estimated that 24.5 million people were living with HIV
in Africa, accounting for 64% of all people living with HIV
in the world (NIAID 2007). Since AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome) was first reported in both Africa and the United States
in 1981 it has become a major worldwide epidemic. It is caused
by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), which kills or damages
the cells of the body’s immune system.
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